Poisson regression with robust variances was used rather than logistic regression because logistic regression would have overestimated associations for common events. We then examined trends adjusted for potential changes in demographics over time by adding all the factors listed previously (with the exception of WIC participation see what follows) to each of the regression models. Time trends were analyzed by using Poisson regression with robust variances, with a 2-year survey cycle as the independent variable (coded as a continuous variable).
All analyses were conducted for the overall group and by breastfeeding status. The percentage of infants who met the 2008 AAP vitamin D recommendation was examined over time and by demographic subgroup. Comparisons by breastfeeding status were conducted by using the Rao-Scott χ 2 test, a design-adjusted version of Pearson’s χ 2 test, which accounts for complex survey design. Other insurance included any nonprivate sources of insurance such as government programs, including Medicaid, State Children’s Health Insurance Programs, military health care, and the Indian Health Service. Breastfeeding and nonbreastfeeding groups were compared across the following demographic variables: age of infant (0–5, 6–11 months), sex, race and/or ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic other ), receipt of benefits by the infant from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program during the last 12 months (data available for 2009–2014 only), family income expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty level (FPL) (also known as poverty-to-income ratio and calculated by using US Department of Health and Human Services poverty guidelines on the basis of family income, family size, year, and state 23 ), education of head of household (less than or equal to high school diploma, some college, and college graduate), and health insurance status (private insurance, other insurance, and uninsured).
22 Breastfeeding included both exclusive (breast milk only) and partial (breast milk plus formula, other liquid, and/or solid food). Breastfeeding was identified, per the NHANES definition, if an infant consumed any breast milk on either of the 2 possible days of dietary recall. More research is needed to know for sure if vitamin D lamps truly help SADĪs of December 2018, the FDA does not approve or regulate light therapy boxes for SAD treatment in the US and there don't appear to be any large scale studies about their effectiveness.Analyses were conducted across all infants 0 to 11 months of age as well as stratified by breastfeeding status. Patients suffering from severe cases of eczema or psoriasis may find relief through light therapy boxes that specifically target their uncomfortable conditions using UV light - but only under the close supervision of their doctors, according to Health. Manson instead recommends taking a vitamin D supplement that offers up to 2000 IUs per day - it's much safer and more effective than purposeful UV exposure. If you're looking to increase your vitamin D intake, Dr.
However, there's a substantial increase in the risk of skin cancer with sun lamps and it's not recommended, especially for young adults.
Yes, there will be vitamin D synthesis with unprotected skin. "We really do not recommend using sun lamps for vitamin D production.